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皮带机转接点粉尘解决方案
1.提出问题
青海某盐湖公司在钾肥皮带输送机转接点(如导流罩、导料槽、落料管等位置),粉尘扩散问题尤为突出,具体表现为:
1.1.高浓度粉尘逸散
氯化钾颗粒粒径小(普遍≤1mm)、密度低,转运时因落差冲击和气流扰动,粉尘浓度高达 50–100 mg/m³,严重危害工人健康。
1.2.设备腐蚀与维护成本高
氯化钾粉尘具有强腐蚀性,堆积在设备表面导致金属部件锈蚀,至年维护成本40万元,设备寿命缩短至1–2年。
1.3.传统除尘方案低效
传统负压除尘系统,除尘效率仅30%–40%,且依赖外部能源(能耗≥15kW/h),运行成本高。
1.4.生产效率低
皮带粘料导致回程带料,频繁停机清理。
2.解决方案
采用无动力抑尘系统设计,基于空气动力学原理与钾肥物料特性(易潮解、强腐蚀性),对原钾肥皮带输送机转接点进行系统性改造。
2.1.钾肥专用密封导料槽
2.1.1.结构
2.1.1.1. 高度增加30%以扩容降压。
2.1.1.2. 侧板与皮带接触处采用双层密封:第一层动态密封填补缝隙,第二层Y型防溢裙板(耐磨、耐高温)。
2.1.1.3. 导料槽尾部装置采用内层阻燃海绵隔板与外层橡胶密封板的设计,提供两道密封,能有效防止粉尘气体及物料从尾部导料槽处外溢。
2.1.2.功能
平衡内外压差,抑制牵引气流,降低粉尘外溢率。
2.2.曲线型落料管
2.2.1.设计
落料管仿真优化(DEM-CFD耦合),管壁衬 UHMW-PE耐磨衬板,降低物料冲击力,减少诱导风流量,使出口处物料水平速度分量与受料带速度差控制在≤5%。
2.2.2.功能
避免堵料,减少出口处因气流剪切作用产生扬尘。
2.3.头部漏斗动态密封系统
2.3.1.结构
2.3.1.1. 弧形头部漏斗内设置导流衬板贴合钾肥落料曲线,护罩与皮带间设置耐腐蚀抑尘帘(材质:氟橡胶)。
2.3.1.2. 清扫器升级为聚氨酯清扫器,清除皮带粘料效率提升 90%。
2.3.2.功能:减少物料冲击扬尘,头部粉尘浓度降至 ≤4mg/m³。
2.4.回流管与扩容区
2.4.1.设计
2.4.1.1. 利用落料管(低压区)与导料槽(高压区)压差驱动含尘气流循环,通过湍流聚并粉尘颗粒。
2.4.1.2. 扩容区设置柔性阻尼挡帘,增强粉尘涡流聚并沉降和离心沉降。
2.4.2.功能
提升粉尘总沉降效率,无需外部动力。
3.实施效果
钾肥皮带输送机转接点无动力抑尘改造综合效益分析表
项目 |
改造前 |
改造后 |
提升幅度 |
节省运营成本 |
|
粉尘浓度(mg/m³) |
50–100 |
≤4 |
降低92%–96% |
—— |
|
粉尘排放量,吨/年 |
230 |
30 |
降低87% |
40 |
|
设备年维护成本(万元) |
30 |
5 |
降低83% |
25 |
|
设备使用寿命 |
3-4年 |
5年以上 |
提升50%以上 |
—— |
|
年综合能耗,万度电 |
9 |
0 |
节能率100% |
8 |
|
节省运营成本合计,万元 |
73 |
||||
改造成本(含设备及改造费用),万元 |
86 |
||||
投资回收周期=86/73*12=14个月 |
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备注: |
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