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皮带机转接点粉尘解决方案

皮带机转接点粉尘解决方案



1.提出问题
青海某盐湖公司在钾肥皮带输送机转接点(如导流罩、导料槽、落料管等位置),粉尘扩散问题尤为突出,具体表现为:

1.1.高浓度粉尘逸散
氯化钾颗粒粒径小(普遍≤1mm)、密度低,转运时因落差冲击和气流扰动,粉尘浓度高达 50–100 mg/m³,严重危害工人健康。

1.2.设备腐蚀与维护成本高
氯化钾粉尘具有强腐蚀性,堆积在设备表面导致金属部件锈蚀,至年维护成本40万元,设备寿命缩短至1–2年。


1.3.传统除尘方案低效
传统负压除尘系统,除尘效率仅30%–40%,且依赖外部能源(能耗≥15kW/h),运行成本高。

1.4.生产效率低
皮带粘料导致回程带料,频繁停机清理。


2.解决方案
采用无动力抑尘系统设计,基于空气动力学原理与钾肥物料特性(易潮解、强腐蚀性),对原钾肥皮带输送机转接点进行系统性改造。

2.1.钾肥专用密封导料槽


2.1.1.结构
2.1.1.1. 高度增加30%以扩容降压。

2.1.1.2. 侧板与皮带接触处采用双层密封:第一层动态密封填补缝隙,第二层Y型防溢裙板(耐磨、耐高温)。

2.1.1.3. 导料槽尾部装置采用内层阻燃海绵隔板与外层橡胶密封板的设计,提供两道密封,能有效防止粉尘气体及物料从尾部导料槽处外溢。

2.1.2.功能

平衡内外压差,抑制牵引气流,降低粉尘外溢率。

2.2.曲线型落料管

2.2.1.设计

落料管仿真优化(DEM-CFD耦合),管壁衬 UHMW-PE耐磨衬板,降低物料冲击力,减少诱导风流量,使出口处物料水平速度分量与受料带速度差控制在≤5%。

2.2.2.功能

避免堵料,减少出口处因气流剪切作用产生扬尘。

2.3.头部漏斗动态密封系统

2.3.1.结构

2.3.1.1. 弧形头部漏斗内设置导流衬板贴合钾肥落料曲线,护罩与皮带间设置耐腐蚀抑尘帘(材质:氟橡胶)。

2.3.1.2. 清扫器升级为聚氨酯清扫器,清除皮带粘料效率提升 90%。

2.3.2.功能:减少物料冲击扬尘,头部粉尘浓度降至 ≤4mg/m³。

2.4.回流管与扩容区

2.4.1.设计

2.4.1.1. 利用落料管(低压区)与导料槽(高压区)压差驱动含尘气流循环,通过湍流聚并粉尘颗粒。

2.4.1.2. 扩容区设置柔性阻尼挡帘,增强粉尘涡流聚并沉降和离心沉降。

2.4.2.功能

提升粉尘总沉降效率,无需外部动力。

3.实施效果

钾肥皮带输送机转接点无动力抑尘改造综合效益分析表

项目

改造前
(负压除尘器)

改造后
(无动力抑尘)

提升幅度

节省运营成本
(万元)

 
 

粉尘浓度(mg/m³

50–100

≤4

降低92%–96%

——

 

粉尘排放量,吨/年

230

30

降低87%

40

 

设备年维护成本(万元)

30

5

降低83%

25

 

设备使用寿命

3-4

5年以上

提升50%以上

——

 

年综合能耗,万度电

9

0

节能率100%

8

 

节省运营成本合计,万元

73

 

改造成本(含设备及改造费用),万元

86

 

投资回收周期=86/73*12=14个月

 

备注:
①负压除尘系统功耗15KW;
②粉尘扩散率:改造前0.23‰,改造后0.03‰;
③单条皮带机输送量100万吨/年。

 
 
 

 

 

 

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